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Professor Emeritus at Princeton University and Special UN Rapporteur for Palestine, Richard Falk |
The United Nations Special Rapporteur for Palestine, Professor
Richard Falk, came to Lebanon last week on an unofficial visit to survey
opinion while fact finding the condition in Palestinian refugee’s camps.
It was the Professors first visit to Lebanon since the fateful summer
of 1982. Back then, en route by sea to Beirut, which was under
Israeli siege and blockade, Falk was Vice-Chair of the Sean McBride
Commission of Inquiry into Israeli crimes against Lebanon. Mid-way
between Cyprus and Lebanon, the Zionist navy, in a blatant act of piracy
on the high seas, intercepted, boarded and commandeered the vessel.
Eventually, under reported American pressure via US Envoy Morris
Draper’s telephoned profanity to Tel Aviv, the pirates allowed Falk’s
delegation to disembark at the port of Jounieh, just north of Beirut.
Draper, who like so many US diplomats, claims he finally “saw the light
after retiring”, told this observer that “I never swore so much in my
life as I did at those SOBS during that summer of 1982 and after I
learned the details of Ariel Sharon’s choreography of the Sabra-Shatila
massacre!” Ambassador Draper added, “The world will never know the
extent of Israeli crimes committed against Lebanon and its refugees
until Washington threatens to cut off all aid until Tel Aviv opens up
its archives on this period.”
Professor Falk, as he mentioned during several events here, including
a first-rate conference on the status of Palestinian refugees in
Lebanon and their struggle for the most elementary civil rights to work
and to own a home, organized by the Institute of Palestine Studies, came
to Lebanon not to offer counsel to Lebanon’s sects or even to the
Palestinians. (The
IPS,
founded in 1969, is considered by this observer and many others, as the
most reliable and authoritative source of information on Palestinian
affairs and the Arab-Israel conflict.)
Falk came to listen and to learn. He did both. He listened intently
to each speaker, scribing hurried notes regarding the current conditions
of Palestinian refugee, including education and health status, in
Lebanon’s 12 camps and two dozen “gatherings,” reports that were
presented by several academics and NGO’s based here.
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Professor Falk got an ear full from Lebanese based advocates for the elementary Palestinian refugee Right to Work and to own a home. Rights that are accorded every other refugee in every country in the world including Zionist occupied Palestine. Rights that are given to every citizen from any country as soon as they clear immigration. Dr. Falk was advised that all that is required is that those who claim to be the forces of Resistance use their majority power in Parliament and take 90 minutes to repeal the racist 2001 law ( 20 minutes) and grant the right to work for Palestinians ( 70 minutes) who were forced into Lebanon 65 years ago this month. |
Falk and others in attendance at the briefings found the findings
sobering and alarming. They included but are not limited to, the
following:
There are currently 42,000 Palestinian refugees from Syria who have
been forced into Lebanon as a result of the crisis in Syria. The United
Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East –
UNRWA -reported to the IPS workshop, that they expect 80,000
Palestinians by the end of the year. Others estimate the December 2013
number will exceed 100,000. According to figures, forwarded to Professor
Falk by the Palestine Civil Rights Campaign, supplied by refugee camp
committees, approximately 6,000 Palestinians who fled Syria remain in
Lebanon’s Bekaa |Valley, close to the Syrian borders, in two main
gatherings, al-Jalil (4,216 refugees) and central Bekaa (2,352). In the
North, Baddawi camp hosts 4,116 and Nahr al Bared 2,016. In Beirut,
Burj al-Barajneh camp hosts 2,928 additional refugees from Syria,
Shatila and the surrounding areas 2,800, and Mar Elias 862. In the
South, 8,549 refugees arrived to Ain al-Hilweh and 2,400 are dispersed
around Saida. Mieh Mieh camp hosts 1,512, with an additional 2,160 in
Wadi al-Zaineh. Further south to Tyre, Palestinian refugees from Syria
are distributed among Shabriha (184), Rashidieh (1,370), Al Bass (478),
Burj al-Shemali (2,800), Qasimiyeh (372), and Jal al-Bahr (128).
Falk knew, before gracing Lebanon with his visit, that UNWRA is
basically out of money and cannot continue to meet its mandate for
aiding Lebanon’s Palestinians even less those arriving from Syria at the
rate of more than two dozen families per day. On 5/5/13, the popular
committee representative at Jalil Camp near Baalbec reported that they
receive on average 8 additional families per day, with dozens now living
in the Jalil camp cemetery.
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(photo: flamb at Masnaa crossing on 4/20/2013) And still they come from Syria’s 10 Palestinian refugee camps! Not sure where they will stay in Lebanon or if they will receive any assistance. Soon they will discover that the only help they will receive is from their own in the 12 camps and two dozen ‘gatherings’ |
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(photo: flamb at Masnaa crossing on 4/20/2013) And still they come from Syria’s 10 Palestinian refugee camps! Not sure where they will stay in Lebanon or if they will receive any assistance. Soon they will discover that the only help they will receive is from their own in the 12 camps and two dozen ‘gatherings’ |
Palestinian children in Lebanon, Falk was advised, unfortunately
provide textbook examples of the fact of life that it is difficult to
concentrate on school when ones stomach is growling with hunger. And
it’s even harder to stay in school when there’s even a remote chance to
work odd jobs and earn money for food – something education doesn’t
immediately offer. One new local initiative is the Meals for Schools,
whose organizers hope serve food to impoverished schoolchildren in
Lebanese slum areas. One idea is to give coupons for meals to schools.
Unfortunately the scope will not include Palestinian children “at this
time due to limited funding”, according to one AUB student hoping to
help children stay in school by helping them to have breakfasts.
Palestinian refugee children have limited access to the public
educational system in Lebanon. Only 11 per cent these “foreign” children
can access free public education in Lebanon while most refugees can’t
afford the high tuition fees of private schools. Palestinian refugees
who attend one of the 58 UNRWA begin at age seven since UNWRA cannot
afford pre-school level education. Consequently, for Palestinians here,
while the elementary sector comprises more than 60% of students, the
number drops to 28% in intermediate and only 10% at the secondary level.
While the attendance rate for 7 year olds is 98.6%, by the time they
reach age 11 attendance falls to 93.4%. But from this level, the
primary level school completion rate cascades to only 37%, due to
astronomical dropout rates. The above figures reveal that Palestinian
education levels have been indeed progressively dropping in recent
years. This is further supported by the passing rate in the Brevet
Official exams (official diploma qualifying entry into secondary) which
was in some schools as low as 13.6% in some schools according to the
UNRWA results of Brevet exams, despite the average passing rate in UNRWA
schools being 43% for the 2009-10 academic year.
Professor Falk was briefed on myriad realities including the fact
that Palestinians camps in Lebanon remain sites of control and
surveillance by the Lebanese Army. People’s mobility and access to
construction materials have been restricted by the army check points at
the entrance of camps. Palestinian refugees are forbidden by law – since
2001 – to own or inherit real estate in Lebanon; consequently when a
Palestinian dies, even if she or he inherited property between
1948-2001, before a wave of revenge led to the 2001 racist law, the
property goes to Sunni Muslim Dar al-Fatwa one of the richest real
estate holding entities in Lebanon. Accused of deep corruption by some,
their leadership has a history of opposing full civil rights for
Palestinian refugees here remain opposed to home ownership.
The UN’s humanitarian chief, Valerie Amos, reported this week that
seven million people need humanitarian assistance in Syria. “The needs
are growing rapidly and are most severe in the conflict and
opposition-controlled areas” of the civil-war ravaged country, the
global body’s humanitarian chief Valerie Amos told the U.N. Security
Council. Amos cited data showing there are 6.8 million people in need —
out of a total population of 20.8 million — along with 4.25 million
people internally displaced and an additional 1.3 million who have
sought refuge in neighboring countries.
Falk was briefed on most recent household surveys of Palestinian
refugees carried out by the American University of Beirut which show
that two thirds of Palestine refugees are poor. The extreme poverty rate
in camps (7.9%) is almost twice of that observed in gatherings (4.2%).
The study also developed a Deprivation Index based on components of
welfare which included components such as good health, food security,
and adequate education, access to stable employment, decent housing, and
ownership of essential household assets. The Deprivation Index showed
that 40% of Palestine Refugees living in Lebanon are deprived. The study
reported that 56% of refugees are jobless and only 37% of the working
age population is employed (Hanafi et al. 2012). It is unsurprising that
the poor socio-economic situation often encourages students to leave
school to get a paid job.
Despite the importance of education fewer Palestinian refugee
students are actually interested in continuing their higher education.
Lack of motivation to learn, is believed to be one of the main reasons
for the high dropout rates. Palestinian refugees’ access to Lebanon’s
public university is limited by their status as foreigners, and their
access to private universities is restricted by a lack of resources to
pay tuition fees (Hroub, 2012).
The old cliché that stated that “The Palestinians are the most
educated Arab nation”, is just a myth today. This educational hemorrhage
among young Palestinians has been attributed to a number of factors
such as the deteriorating socio-economic conditions amongst Palestinian
refugees and the growing disillusionment with schooling and the benefits
it brings. Palestinian students also suffer from an education
acculturation as they are forced to learn only the Lebanese curriculum
without being able to access the country’s system. The following section
examines these three main challenges.
Statistics indicate that just under half of the classrooms in public
schools have less than 15 students per class while 20 % are overcrowded
with 26 to 35 students per class. However, in UNRWA schools, the average
number of students per classroom is 30 making them the most crowded
classrooms in Lebanon.
With respect to the UN refugee agency, (UNHCR) the current situation
in both Syria and among the more than 450,000 Syrian in Lebanon is only
marginally better than the conditions of arriving Palestinians. As Maeve
Murphy, UNHCR’s Senior Field Coordinator in Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley,
explained to this observer and others during a visit on 5/5/13, near the
Nicolas Khoury Center in Zahle, Lebanon, amidst sea of hundreds of
Syrians, some waiting for three months or longer just to get registered,
the UN refugee agency is also unable to meet its mandate for the same
reason as UNRWA and the World Food Program and others. Ms. Murphy
reported that over 453,000 Syrians have either registered with the U.N.
agency or are waiting to register. An additional several hundred
thousand people are thought to be refugees but haven’t approached the
U.N.
Complicating the desperate situation of Palestinian and Syrian
refugees seeking sanctuary in Lebanon is the fact that millions of
Syrian refugees face food rationing and cutbacks to critical medical
programs because oil-rich Gulf states have failed to deliver the funding
they promised for emergency humanitarian aid, an investigation by James
Cusick for The Independent on Sunday has found. Pledges for $ 650
minion in donations from various sources including Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain, made during the January 2013,
Kuwait UN emergency conference, have yet to materialize.
The World Food Program (WFP), the food aid arm of the UN, says it is
spending $19m a week to feed 2.5 million refugees inside Syria and a
further 1.5 million who have fled to official camps in Jordan, Turkey,
Lebanon and Iraq. By July, the WFP says, there is no guarantee that its
work on the Syrian crisis can continue. A spokesman told the UK
Independent, “We are already in a hand-to-mouth situation. Beyond
mid-June – who knows?”
The emergency conference in Kuwait – hosted by the Emir of Kuwait and
chaired by Mr Ban Ki Moon – promised to bring a “message of hope” to
the four million Syrian refugees. Mr Ban proclaimed the outcome a
shining example of “global solidarity in action”. The reality has been
markedly different. Oxfam recently issued an appeal: “The League of Arab
States must urge all Arab countries that have pledged to the Syrian
crisis, to be transparent and to share information about their
commitments, and mechanisms for fulfilling their pledges.”
Mousab Kerwat, Islamic Relief’s Middle East institutional funding
manager, said: “It’s better for countries to stay away from donor
conferences than to attend and make pledges they don’t intent to keep.
As a minimum, they should communicate where their pledges have gone in a
transparent process. If Professor Falk was weary as he left Lebanon from all the data,
visits, and wrenching experiences he was presented with, it would be
understandable. But the humanitarian and scholar he showed no signs of
fatigue but rather appeared to be energized by the experience. Given his
history as a supporter of resistance to occupation and oppression,
Richard Falk’s assurances that he will continue his work armed with the
above sampling of data offers new hope for Palestinian and Syrian
refugees from Syria and to those who support their Right and
Responsibility to Return to Palestine.
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About the Author
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Franklin Lamb, a former Assistant Counsel of the US House Judiciary Committee at the
US Congress and Professor of International Law at Northwestern College
of Law in Oregon, earned his Law Degree at Boston University and his
LLM, M.Phil, and PhD degrees at the London School of Economics. Lamb is
Director, Americans Concerned for Middle East Peace, Beirut-Washington
DC, Board Member of The Sabra Shatila Foundation, and a volunteer with
the Palestine Civil Rights Campaign, Lebanon. He is the author of The
Price We Pay: A Quarter-Century of Israel’s Use of American Weapons
Against Civilians in Lebanon. He can be reached at: fplamb@gmail.com He
is a regular contributor to Intifada Palestine, and is doing research in
Lebanon. |